The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By William Hemingway

Current pursuers regularly increase much knowledge from breaking down works of writing since a long time ago composed. Children can profit by the primordial lessons imparted in these praised works of art, and can be impacted by their illustrations. Certain books have influenced today s reality more than others – widely praised writer Ernest Hemingway opined that The Undertakings of Huckleberry Finn, by Imprint Twain, encapsulates the Incomparable American Novel. Hemingway expressed All current American writing originates from Huck Finn†¦ there has been nothing as great since. This is an intense explanation, since it gives Twain, as the writer, remarkable impact over today s brains. It makes sense that the subjects communicated by Twain in Huck Finn resound in numerous present day works. Huck Finn is maybe a standout amongst the most-examined works of the last two hundred years, and a hefty portion of its focal topics have as of now been distinguished: the everyday ones of abolitionist servitude, loss of honesty, and transitioning. Be that as it may, there are still some astonishing truths to reveal. Twain was a conceded Visionary, a defender of elusive belief system that picked up fame in the nineteenth century. It is likely that Twain was so included in and influenced by Introspective philosophy that he, if just intuitively, endeavored to spread the theory to the world. Upon close examination, it turns out to be clear that Twain uses his position as an author toShow MoreRelatedThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1542 Words   |  7 Pages Over the last 130 years â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† has been called everything from a piece of trash to a national treasure. Mark Twain, whose real name is Samuel Clemens wrote â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.† Only one month after it was published, librarians in Concord, Massachusetts had it banned. â€Å"He has had his problems with librarians from the start when, in 1885, â€Å"those moral-ice-bergs,† the Library Committee of Concord−symbolic seat of freedom−pronounced the book rough, coarseRead MoreAnalysis Of Mark Twain s The Tale Of Adventures Of Huckleberry Fin 1468 Words   |  6 Pagesin his era by using his realistic writing style and mixing with his experience as a boy growing up in missouri, Twain wrote classics no other would dare write about at this time. Twain stepped out of societies bubble and wrote the tale of Adventures of Huckleberry Fin. Through is writing, Twain was open about the horrors of slavery and let the people of the world know his views, beliefs, and experience. This tale defined Twains ability to prove to the world that he meant what h e said and was not afraidRead MoreBiography of Mark Twain Essay1175 Words   |  5 PagesNew York, the couple moved to Hartford, Connecticut. Much of Twains best work was written in the 1870s and 1880s in Hartford or during the summers at Quarry Farm, near Elmira, New York. Roughing It (1872) recounts his early adventures as a miner and journalist; The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) celebrates boyhood in a town on the Mississippi River; A Tramp Abroad (1880) describes a walking trip through the Black Forest of Germany and the Swiss Alps; The Prince and the Pauper (1882), a childrensRead MoreSamuel Longhorn Clemens, Mark Twain875 Words   |  4 Pagessilver rush (Ramussen). Twain’s real name was Samuel Longhorne Clemens but took on the name Mark Twain as a reference to a measurement in his job as steamboat captain, a job that would inspire many of his most famous books, including The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Due to his largely popular books that were told from the po int of views of a young children, he is frequently referred to as a â€Å"chronicler of childhood† meaning he portrayed adolescence in a way that was both relatable to kids and adultsRead MoreEssay on A Brief Biography of Mark Twain1322 Words   |  6 Pagesjournalist and editor, riverboat pilot, confederate army soldier and gold miner. Samuel Clemens’ adventurous childhood and nomadic lifestyle helped inspire the character formations found in two of his greatest writings, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn. In a brief overview of Twain’s work we can see the breadth of experiences that motivated his will to write. Twain, made famous by his story The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County laid the foundation for hisRead More Mark Twain Essay1401 Words   |  6 Pageswritten in the 1870s and 1880s in Hartford or during the summers at Quarry Farm, near Elmira, New York. Roughing It (1872) which recounts his early adventures as a miner and journalist was first. 4quot; In a story called quot;The Adventures of Tom Sawyerquot; he was stated that Quarry Farm was Twains favorite place he ever resided. quot;The Adventures of Tom Sawyerquot; (1876) which celebrates boyhood in a town on the Mississippi River was his second novel. quot;A Tramp Abroadquot; (1880) whichRead MoreMark Twain3000 Words   |  12 Pagesmuch about him. So I decided to write this multi-genre research paper in Mark Twain’s impact on American literature. I picked this topic because I find Twain’s p ersonality very interesting. He is best known as the author of the Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn but not everyone knows his whole life story. Many of Mark Twain’s humorous tales of human nature remain as standard texts in most of high school and college literature classes. He is still well-read and obviously he was a tremendouslyRead MoreEssay Mark Twain2590 Words   |  11 Pages Two of his best-known novels show this trait, in his Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Twain immortalized the sleepy little town of Hannibal, Missouri (the fictional St. Petersburg), as well as the steamboats which passed through it daily, in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The various characters are based on types which Twain encountered both in his hometown and while working as a riverboat pilot on the MississippiRead MoreMark Twain s Adventures Of Tom Sawyer1586 Words   |  7 Pages Most of the se tting, characters, and plot of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer are closely related to Mark Twain’s own life experiences. The fictional town of St. Petersburg very closely resembles Twain’s childhood home in a small town in Missouri, because of the Mississippi River (Stanley 1). He remembers both the ups and downs of his childhood and conveys these in the novel (Higgins). Many of his memories of living by the Mississippi river are displayed in this novel as Tom has several encountersRead MoreMark Twains Influence on American Literature Essay examples1208 Words   |  5 Pagesrenowned for his authentic portrayal of southern dialect. Twain’s phonetic spelling of words, such as â€Å"genuwyne† rather than â€Å"genuine† and â€Å"swaller† instead of â€Å"swallow,† communicated the southern way of speech of his diverse characters in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (Twain 54-78). He breathed life into his characters and gave them personali ty through his style and word choice. For example, Aunt Polly’s diction differed significantly from that of Huck Finn’s, and this hinted at the education

The Ethics And Its Relation With Artificial Intelligence

Privacy has become an important piece in technological perspective where there is a strong bond between privacy and human beings when concerned to technology usage. Information whether personal or private with respect to technology are major concerns in Technoethics. Each innovation of this modern era has its ethical issues. The paper explains information related to the individual that has been threat when influenced with technology and how society of humans adopt these changes of expression and learning without deviating from its ethical and moral principles. The papers also tell about technologies in this digital age that have problems with intersection of science and technology on subject of technoethics. It also portraits the ethical issues in Technological, Design, Research, Development that are connected to the ethical dimensions of a technological society. This paper also describes about the new technologies and their ethical issues. This paper explains what is Artificial Ethics and its relation with Artificial Intelligence. This paper gives idea about the ethical problems in the cyber space and also machine ethics in the cyberspace. WHAT IS ETHICS? â€Å"Ethics are the set of moral principles influencing conduct.† What is TechnoEthics? â€Å"Technoethics is defined as an interdisciplinary field concerned with all ethical aspects of technology within a society shaped by technology. It deals with human processes and practices connected toShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of Artificial Intelligence1595 Words   |  7 PagesNick Bostrom’s article for the Cambridge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence introduces Artificial Intelligence (AI), the process by which a computer performs a task that would typically require a human. He breaks down the incredibly broad field of Artificial Intelligence into four main categories: â€Å"Artificial General Intelligence† (3), â€Å"Machines with Moral Status† (6), â€Å"Minds with Exotic Properties† (9), and â€Å"Superintelligence† (14), describing the characteristics and ethical components of eachRead MoreHow Artificial Intelligence Will Impact The World900 Words   |  4 Pages Zoltan recently spoke at the Artificial Intelligence and The Singularity Conference in Oakland, California. It had AI specialists Peter Voss and Monica Anderson, New York University educator Gary Marcus, science fiction author Nicole Sallak Anderson, and futurist Scott Jackisch. We were fascinated in how artificial intelligence will impact the world. My subject was The Morality of an Artificial Intelligence Will be Different from our Human Morality. Elon Musk an entrepreneur made the headlinesRead MoreExplanations of the Branches of Philosophy1358 Words   |  6 Pagescomprehension and the other individual already has to understand and wants to assist the other. Philosophy encompasses six branches to aid in the comprehension of the orderly and logical approach to philosophy. The six branches are Metaphysics, Epistemology, Ethics, Aesthetics, Political philosophy, and social philosophy. The first branch in understanding in understanding philosophy is Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that handles the first concepts of things, including conceptual principles like beingRead MoreEcofeminism Essay1217 Words   |  5 Pagesecological feminism has been around for a number of years, it emerged as a political movement in the 1970s. Francoise dEaubonne, a French feminist philosopher, coined the term Ecofeminism in 1974. Ecofeminism is a feminist approach to environmental ethics. Karen Warren, in her book Ecofeminist Philosophy, claims that feminist theorists question the source of the oppression of women, and seek to eliminate this oppression. Ecofeminists consider the oppression of women, (sexism) the oppression of otherRead MoreHuman Ethics, Morals, And Identity1800 Words   |  8 Pagesinfluenced human ethics, morals, and identity. Technology has generated various types of social movements while reshaping human’s perceptions on how they view life. The component that are responsible for evolution is those of labor, curiosity, and inquisitive minds. Within such process that have been implemented through technology, artificial intelligence has been invented to assist humans in those processes (Stuart Norvig). However, there is a question in regards to artificial intelligence. That questionRead More Eco-feminism Essay1188 Words   |  5 Pagesecological feminism has been around for a number of years, it emerged as a political movement in the 1970s. Francoise d’Eaubonne, a French feminist p hilosopher, coined the term â€Å"Ecofeminism† in 1974. Ecofeminism is a feminist approach to environmental ethics. Karen Warren, in her book Ecofeminist Philosophy, claims that feminist theorists question the source of the oppression of women, and seek to eliminate this oppression. Ecofeminists consider the oppression of women, (sexism) the oppression of otherRead MoreEssay On Ethics In War1135 Words   |  5 PagesTechnologies and Ethics in War Technologies of Precision Guided Munitions have been put forward by some scholars and government as ethical solutions the challenges of killing non-combatants in military operations. USA Presidents Bush and Obama both praised these technologies as having reduced significantly the number of casualties. Professor Maja Zehfuss (2011: PP543-556) critique of targeting with Precision Munitions raises several issues that question the confidence placed in the technologiesRead MoreThe Ethical Issue Of Robotics1199 Words   |  5 Pagestaking over their jobs. This has become the main ethical issue that can only be avoided by making the people understand their need versus their greed. This report is intended for the engineers in the robotics field to address this ethical issues.in relation to the robotic development and act accordingly. Also discussed will be the causes of this ethical issue and some ways to analyze and resolve this ethical issue with a moral mind. The scope of the report will be based on the moral obligations of theRead MoreThe Big Lie : Human Restoration Of Nature Essay1987 Words   |  8 Pages Ethical restoration has been a controversial topic in environmental ethics over the last couple of decades. Its premise is simple, rebuild or relocate ecosystems that have been destroyed by human development. Many believe it is paramount to build a connection between humans and nature, but there are others who argue its just another form of anthropocentric behavior. Eric Katz rejects ethical restoration in his piece, â€Å"The Big Lie: Human Restoration of Nature†. He argues ethical restoration is justRead MoreThe Loss of Privacy Will Be a Major Consequence of the Computer Revolution1093 Words   |  5 Pagesconfidentiality of computer records (Anderson, 2002). An artificial intelligence can save a tremendous amount of data in its hard drive, and with the share of information from banking databases, and some other sources of information like health insurance or car insurance, the government or any kind of organization can now more personal information about an individual’s than they know about themselves. The CIA that stands for Central Intelligence Agency is a good example of a company that has the power

Mitigating Market Entry Barriers Free Essays

string(153) " refers to a diversification initiative within the same industry, but one which uses a different value chain than that of the company’s core business\." Introduction Porter’s (1979) five forces theory highlights market entry barriers as one of constraints in establishing a new business. Investigating market entry barriers for McLaren enables us to assess the level of competition and the possible barriers hindering the progress of McLaren in the mass car industry. As McLaren began diversification in the 1960’s it helped them greatly in averting market entry barriers to through economies of scale. We will write a custom essay sample on Mitigating Market Entry Barriers or any similar topic only for you Order Now By branching out into different industries such as McLaren racing and McLaren automotive, McLaren was able to benefit greatly from economies of scale. This has aided McLaren with their high capital investment requirement for establishing a mass car producing company. As a high value vehicle, to purchase the parts and have the McLaren consumer car manufactured would be extremely expensive. However, Mclaren entered the mass car market as part of its diversification strategy which has allowed the company to utilized same value chain for its consumer car equipment. Therefore, the initial high investment capital barrier required for the market entry was successfully mitigated by McLaren. Apart from the huge capital investment requirement, product differentiation is also one of the market entry barriers in the mass car market. McLaren overcame this barrier quite easily because it already had established brand equity and a loyal clientele. McLaren is a known worldwide for its formula one racing team in high regards so establishing new businesses under its brand name wasn’t difficult. McLaren’s cars were easily differentiated from other high end car producers due to the company’s already established brand image. (Fahri, K Michael, J. 1989) Another barrier to market entry within the car industry is the distribution channels. McLaren was not required to establish its distribution channel for consumer cars because it did not produce them in large numbers and most of its cars were purchased by car enthusiasts who keenly south after the brand. The strategic ‘pull’ strategy for marketing its small number of high end consumer cars averted its needs to establish a distribution and sales channel (Terpstra, 1994). Another entry barrier to the mass car market and an important one is the requirement of consumer cars to adhere to safety specification and environment epscification. . The automotive industry is subject to government rules and regulations that include the vehicle safety and environmental matters. Vehicle safety is to ensure that each car that is supplied is safe for the driver and its passengers at all times. Environmental matters include emission levels to reduce the damage each vehicle creates to destroy our environment. McLaren has its own research and development centres and state of art test facilities and production plant where it could develop, implement and monitor its car performance in accordance with the legal requirements. The Level of Diversification Achieved by McLaren According to Ansoff (1957), there are four basic corporate strategies for growth. These are market penetration; market development; product development and diversification (see fig1). Fig.1 The first three growth strategies require a firm to change its product and/or market structure. Unlike these three, the forth growth strategy i.e. diversification requires a change in the characteristics of a company’s product line and/or market. Diversification â€Å"calls for a simultaneous departure from the present product line and the present market structure† (Ansoff, 1957, p.114). Pertaining to this growth strategy classification, venturing of McLaren into several distinct businesses can be classified as its diversification strategy. Over the years, McLaren has ventured into several distinct businesses. These are: McLaren Racing involves formula one racing team that competes in formula one racing. This business focuses mainly on the racing team of the company. McLaren Racing sets out to be one of the best known formula one team in the world. McLaren Racing has established its brand by pocketing 181 Grand Prix victories (William, 2009). McLaren Automotive is a business that designs and builds super cars made for the mass consumers. McLaren road cars are designed to meet the high expectations in terms of speed, performance and endurance. As a worldwide brand, McLaren Automotive aims to not only produce the best automotive vehicles but to continuously ‘raise the benchmark in automotive design’ (McLaren, 2013). McLaren Electronic Systems (MES) creates electronic control systems for the McLaren Racing team. The company’s electronic systems are used in formula one vehicle for various telemetry and sensory systems. The company also creates electronic control units for other teams in the motorsport industry to use across Europe and North America. (McLaren, 2013) McLaren Applied Technologies (MAT) focuses on supplying the best technology to boost the technical support in world of sports and to enhance the performance of McLaren’s formula one vehicles. McLaren Applied Technologies has continued to boost McLaren’s reputation as the ‘forefront of British engineering and technology’ (McLaren, 2013). MAT has helped worldwide sports by providing technology to help improve the efficiency of the participant’s performance in the best way possible. This could be something as simple as providing mountain bikes that weigh less without hindering the efficiency of the bike. Absolute Taste is engaged in hospitality and event management business. It serves food to McLaren’s customers and fans at formula one race. Absolute Taste also provides a catering service and hospitality to upper class customers around the world. They also organise events and the serve various cuisines to cater its global customers (McLaren, 2013). McLaren’s Horizontal Diversification The aforementioned diversification strategies of McLaren can be categorized as either related or un-related diversification strategies. Related diversification strategies can be further divided into three categories as horizontal, vertical and cross-sector diversification (Charles et. al, 2010). These related diversification strategies differ due to their different combination of industry similarity and value chain similarity (see fig 2). Horizontal diversification pertains to a business’s venturing into a new field which uses the same value chain as its core business and falls within the same industry. Considering this definition, McLaren has not diversified horizontally as it has not acquired any other formula one racing teams. Fig.2 (Source: Charles et, al. 2010, p. 296) McLaren’s Vertical Diversification Vertical diversification refers to a diversification initiative within the same industry, but one which uses a different value chain than that of the company’s core business. You read "Mitigating Market Entry Barriers" in category "Essay examples" (Charles et, al. 2010). McLaren diversified vertically through its automotive business as it operates within the same industry but has different customers and marketing channels. Likewise, McLaren’s electronic systems and applied technology business can be termed as vertical diversification as it operates within the same (formula one racing) industry, but it requires a distinct value chain i.e. production, distribution and customer network (McLaren, 2013). McLaren’s Cross Sector Diversification Cross sector diversification occurs refers to diversification within a different industry, but one which has a same value chain (Charles et, al. 2010). McLaren’s venturing into the catering, hospitality and event management business (Absolute Taste) can be classified as cross-sector diversification. Absolute Taste share’s the same value chain as McLaren’s core business as it is an extension of the company’s own marketing activities and thus uses the same managerial and other resources. However, Absolute Taste also operates in a complete different hospitality industry; a field completely different from car racing business. Similalry, McLaren’s applied technologies can be termed as cross-sector diversification in that it also operates in other industries such as medical science apart and sports (other than car racing). McLaren’s Unrelated Diversification Unrelated diversification is referred to a firm’s engagement in a completely un-related business (Charles et, al. 2010). McLaren, diversification strategies so far do not include any un-related diversification as the company achieves economies of scale and synergies through all of its diversification strategies. McLaren has developed this portfolio of companies to boost the Group’s reputation and to expand. The development of the production centre improved McLaren’s chances of increasing economies of scale. By having so many of the McLaren companies being managed under the same roof, it allows each company to make the most of tangible and intangible resources and materials that wouldn’t have been used otherwise (McLaren, 2013). The joint use of inputs means that different McLaren subsidiaries share the transaction cost of machinery and other possible production costs for the vehicles that are produced. Once the McLaren production centre was built, it meant that the internal process of vehicle production would change. Within the production centre research is continuously gathered on how to improve the general performance of McLaren’s Racing and Automotive vehicles. As the car is built they can then send it off to be spray painted by hand within the same facility which not only saves time but reduces errors that may have been made on the paint work by machines. Managerial ambition is the drive of many businesses. McLaren has a reputation to withhold as the ‘forefront of British engineering’ (McLaren, 2013). McLaren are always attempting to produce the best. By diversifying into so many subsidiaries it creates new targets for the groups as a whole. The diversification strategy allows the company to increase its business profile and spread risks accordingly. McLaren’s Diversification strategy as a Reflection of Historical Trends in Corporate Strategy Throughout the midst of 20th century till the early 1990s, there were several dominant logics of strategic management. During 1950s, there was an emphasis on general management skills, along with widespread un-related diversification moves by corporates. It was followed by the prevalence of requiring specific management skills for different industries in the 1970s and 1980s. This was coincided with the requirement of portfolio planning. It was not until 1990s, that the focus of management practitioners and academics was led to prevailing themes of core competencies and dominant management logic view to achieve synergies through growth and diversification strategies (Goold and Luchs, 1993). During this time (i.e. 1990s) McLaren embarked upon its diversification initiative as part of its growth strategy. McLaren’s growth strategy precisely coincided with the prevailing business view of achieving synergies through diversification. Once the new McLaren production centre was built it allowed McLaren Automotive to increase their daily production and enabled them to introduce new road cars such as the MP4-12C sports car. The production centre has not only boosted the production rates but has also got a production line which allows McLaren to test its vehicles (Fosters plus partners, 2013). The production centre is also connected to the McLaren technology centre which is ‘connected by a subterranean walkway, lined with interactive exhibition spaces’ (Fosters plus partners, 2013). This connection allows the technology centre to provide for the McLaren Automotive department by coming up with new McLaren electronic systems for their vehicles. With the producti on centre in place it allows the diversification of the McLaren industries to take advantage of the ability to share machinery. With the connection of the Production centre and the Technology centre it allows McLaren to develop new technology to be used by MES for McLaren Automotive and McLaren Racing to use in their formula one vehicle. To either improve the vehicle performance in some way or to generally improve the safety of the racing car. Absolute taste provides food for the McLaren racing team and other clients such as Mercedes-Benz at all grand Prix races worldwide (McLaren, 2013). Igor Ansoff defined synergy as ‘Exploitation of similarities between different lines. Two plus two equals five’ (Ansoff, 1957). This analogy is saying that when similar industries combine such as McLaren Racing and McLaren Automotive it increases the production levels beyond the predicted rate. This synergy was improved greatly once McLaren has built the new Production centre. It allow ed the McLaren group to all operate in the same vicinity roof which inevitably improves synergy amongst the different industries. All of each other’s resources are at the disposal of whoever wishes to use it. References Ansoff, I. (1957) Strategies for Diversification. Harvard Business Review. Vol. 35 Issue 5. Charles E., Bamford, G. and West, P (2010). Strategic Management. Cengage Learning. Fostering plus Partners, (2013) Projects:McLaren Technology Center Available from http://www.fosterandpartners.com/projects/mclaren-technology-centre/ (cited on 5th, March, 2013) Goold, M. and Luchs, K. (1993) Why Diversify: Four Decades of Management Thinking. Academic of Management Executive. Vol. 7 No. 3 McLaren (2013) Vodafone McLaren Mercedes. Available from http://www.mclaren.com/formula1/page/mclaren-group (cited on 5th, March, 2013) Nye, D. (1988) McLaren: The Grand Prix, Can-Am and Indy Cars. Guild Publishing. Porter, M.E. (1979) How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy, Harvard Business Review, March/April 1979. Terpstra, V. (1994). International Marketing, USA: The Dryden Press William, T. (2009). McLaren – The Cars 1964–2008. Coterie Press. How to cite Mitigating Market Entry Barriers, Essay examples

Tqm Gurus and Tqm Framework free essay sample

Principles and Practices People and Relationship: Leadership Dr. W. E. Deming summarized his views on management and its relationship with quality in his 14 points for management. Altogether, the 14 guidelines describe a fundamental basis for an organization’s culture. They define a process by which managers seeks out bad practices and habits and replace them with better, more effective practices. Deming used his 14 points for the management to emphasize the critical role of managers in TQM. He saw managers rather than workers or equipments as the real obstacle to TQM. Feigenbaum had talked about proactive quality leadership. Customer Satisfaction Dr. Deming said that quality also means anticipating the future needs of the customers to satisfy them. James Teboul illustrated with his model regarding customer satisfaction where the product/service square offered by the organization must match with the customer’s needs circle. Thereby satisfaction is achieved. Employee Involvement Maslow had discussed the needs of employee into Survival, Security, Social, Esteem and Self-actualization. We will write a custom essay sample on Tqm Gurus and Tqm Framework or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Frederick Herzberg labeled motivating factors and dissatisfying factors for the employees. Deming and Scholtes has been criticized that traditional performance appraisal system. Deming stated that 85% of the problems are the results of the system. Supplier Partnership Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa has suggested ten principles to ensure quality products and services and eliminate unsatisfactory conditions between the customer and the supplier. Approach Continuous Process improvement Dr. Joseph Juran with Juran Trilogy explained the approaches quality improvement from a cost-oriented perspective. Process improvement involves planning. Juran trilogy has three components: planning, control and improvements. Juran provides a distinction between sporadic waste and chronic waste. The sporadic waste can be identified and corrected through quality control. The chronic waste requires an improvement process. As a solution is found through the improvement process, lessons learned are brought back to the quality planning process so that new goals for the organization may be established. Walter A. Shewhart’s Plan-Do-Study-Act Cycle is basically the engineering scientific method applied to continuous improvement and quality. He developed quality control charts that are used to identify whether the variability in the process is random or due to an assignable cause, such as poor workers or miscalibrated machinery. He stressed that eliminating variability improves quality. His work created the foundation for today’s statistical process control, and he is often referred to as the â€Å"grandfather of quality control. † Measure Performance measures Dr. Genichi Taguchi had given a way of measuring quality by his Taguchi’s loss function. This technique combines target, cost, and specifications into ne measurement. 2. Tools and Techniques Benchmarking Information Technology Quality Management Systems Philip B. Crosby in his absolutes of Quality Management stated that the path to successful quality management must begin with a through study and evaluation of current processes in which managers identify every opportunity for quality problems to disrupt a process and eliminate those opportuniti es. He also given 14 steps for quality improvements. Environmental Management Systems Quality Function Deployment Quality by Design Philip B. Crosby became famous for coining the phrase â€Å"quality is free† and for pointing out the many costs of quality, which include not only the costs of wasted labor, equipment time, scrap, rework, and lost sales, but also organizational costs that are hard to quantify. Crosby stressed that efforts to improve quality more than pay for themselves because these costs are prevented. Therefore, quality is free. Like Deming and Juran, Crosby stressed the role of management in the quality improvement effort and the use of statistical control tools in measuring and monitoring quality. Failure Mode Effect analysis Products Service Liability Deming in his chain reaction had stressed about capturing the market with better quality and low price. Total Productive Maintenance Management Tools Statistical Process Control Alfredo Pareto found some unequal distribution of wealth in Europe. So he developed a graph which is used to identify the most important problem, based on ranks data classifications in descending order from right to left is done. This is called Pareto diagram which is applicable to problem identification and the measurement of progress. Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa developed the Cause Effect diagram which is a picture composed of lines and symbols designed to represent a meaningful relationship between an effect and its cause. CE diagrams are used to investigate either a ‘bad’ effect and to take action to correct the cause or a ‘good’ effect and to learn those cause that are responsible. Experimental Design Taguchi’s Quality Engineering Taguchi introduced the loss function concept, which combines cost, target, and variation into one metric with specifications being of secondary importance. He also developed the concept of robustness, which means that noise factors are taken into account to ensure that the system functions correctly. Sir R. A. Fischer developed Orthogonal arrays which is a simplified method of putting together an experiment. Taguchi added three OA’s to the list of Fischer. Reference: 1. Shridhara Bhat K, ‘Total Quality Management – Text Cases’, Himalaya Publishing House, Ed:2005. 2. Dale H Besterfield, Carol Besterfield-Michna, Glen H Besterfield, Mary Besterfield-Sacre, ‘ Total Quality Management’, 3rd Edition, 7th Impression, Pearson education, Inc. 3. http://www. dti. gov. uk/quality/gurus